End of an era as BBC Radio 4 LW shuts down

In just a few days time the BBC will shut down the Long Wave service for BBC Radio 4. Its closure will leave the Long Wave dial deserted for listeners not only in the UK but further afield too [Guardian / RadioToday].

Broadcast from Droitwich in Worcestershire, BBC Radio 4 long wave, transmits on the 198 kilohertz frequency and relies on ageing transmitter equipment that uses a pair of the valves which are no longer manufactured [Wikipedia]. 

The site was chosen as the mast could send transmissions to most of Britain and, at the time of its erection in 1934, was described as the World’s most modern Long Wave transmitter [YouTube].

Droitwich replaced the Daventry transmitter which itself had taken over from Chelmsford on the 27th July 1925. While the Chelmsford and Daventry Long Wave transmitters were closed due to obsolescence, there was no hue and cry. Droitwich could now cover most of the country with one mast and broadcasts could even be received on the continent and far out to sea.

Long Wave is considered obsolete with few people having sets able to receive broadcast on the band. Nonetheless the imminent closure has broad loud voices of protest from a minority of listeners.

It is estimated that around 90,000 homes in Britain still listen in to BBC Radio 4 on Long Wave, particularly in areas where short-range FM and DAB [Digital Audio Broadcasting] does not penetrate.

An announcement that has been playing for some time on BBC Long Wave transmissions for some time informs listeners that they can listen online, via the BBC Sounds app, and on FM and DAB.

However in many parts of rural Britain this is virtually impossible. In many parts of Wales there is almost no FM radio reception and almost no cellphone coverage [Richard Mudhar].

For those in rural Wales or Scotland it’s not a matter of life and death, though boredom may set in for some without their daily fix of the Archers. But for some fishermen they could well be lost at sea.

The BBC Shipping Forecast has been feature of British broadcasting since the days of the telegraph in the 1860s [Wikipedia].

Established by Vice-Admiral Robert FitzRoy, the first professional weather forecaster, captain of HMS Beagle and founder of the Met Office, the shipping forecast has become a British institution.

Many listeners will be familiar with Dogger and German Bight even if the information imparted in the twice daily broadcasts is somewhat irrelevant to them.

But for ships at sea the BBC Shipping Forecast remains a vital failsafe for maritime safety while also functioning as a cherished national cultural institution, having celebrated its centenary.

July 4th 2025 marked the centenary of its first BBC broadcast. And in that time it has prevented the loss of countless lives at sea.

But what will happen when Long Wave ceases to broadcast? While the broadcasts will be relayed on maritime frequencies as well as BBC Radio 4 FM and DAB, some are concerned that the gap may not be filled.

Long Wave reaches far out to sea, beyond Fastnet and along the edge of Iceland. Fishermen have even received the midnight news south of the Azores. Through the shash and crackle, many seafarers have leaned over a radio and scribbling down details of the shipping broadcast.

Of course it is not just the vital information imparted by the twice daily shipping broadcasts that those at sea strain their ears to listen to. Others would huddle around the wireless to catch the latest installment of The Archers or a comedy show [Yachting Monthly]. 

For those on terra firma, or not living in the isolation of the Scottish or Welsh hills, the shutting of Droitwich will have little impact. For radio enthusiasts it will be the end of an era. Old radio sets such as the iconic Bush TR82B, designed by David Ogle, will become all the more obsolete. Even Medium Wave is falling into decline with the BBC having switched off most of its local AM and Radio 4 Medium Wave frequencies. National stations like BBC Radio 5 Live [909 kHz and 693 kHz] and commercial networks like TalkSport are still broadcasting on MW, but the dial is gradually filling up with static.

While there have been campaigns calling on the BBC to rethink its planned shutdown of Doitrich, and with it LW transmissions, the BBC says that it is economically unviable [Keep Longwave].

The transmitter relies on two 1 metre long tubes or valves which are no longer made. The BBC is said to have bought up the last of the available tubes. [R-Type / BBC Engineering].

It is unclear whether these remain in reserve or whether the corporation is down to the last two. Either way a failing tube could damage other parts of the transmitter, and maintaining the facility as it is has become more difficult.

Using tube and valve technology, the transmitter is more resilient to EMP, though it is likely that there are parts that use modern electronics which would be vulnerable. But it is the penetration that LW offers that will be lost by the shutdown.

LW can be picked up even under the sea and some have speculated that submarines might even monitor BBC Radio 4 broadcasts in order to determine whether Britain is still there!

The wide coverage of LW has made it valuable during a national emergency. One LW transmitter can cover the entire country while FM or DAB requires a multitude of transmitters and relay stations.

So this begs the question as to why the BBC doesn’t simply upgrade the transmitter to use modern components rather than rely on old valves and tubes. The BBC has said that while possible it would cost many millions of pounds and, as such, an upgrade is not cost-effective.

It maybe that the site will be mothballed and that some of the equipment may be maintained for a ‘rainy day’ when the transmitter might be needed, perhaps for military purposes.

It is not the only switch off that Britain has experienced in recent years. The television terrestrial switchover started on 17th October 2007 and was completed by the 23rd October 2012 resulting in the end of all analogue TV broadcasts.

But even digital TV broadcasting may not be safe. Freeview, as it is commonly referred to, is at threat of being shutdown as household switch to Freely, an internet based service, as well as internet streaming services such as Netflix, Prime and other providers.

It has been predicted that by 2034 Freeview could drop to only 1 million UK homes from 9.7 million today. Its Internet based successor, Freely, is forecast to climb to 10.5 million in the same period. Sky is seeing more subscribers moving to Sky Glass, its Internet based service, rather than making use of a dish and satellite receiver.

And across Britain the telephone infrastructure is undergoing a major overhaul as the country switches from old copper analogue lines to digital VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) lines.

This too threatens to leave some people, especially in rural areas, at risk. Unlike traditional copper wired telephone line which are always live, digital Internet reliant lines are at risk if there are power outages.

Power outages don’t affect traditional telephone lines since back-up generators kick in should the national grid go down.

In a big town or city a modern digital line being unavailable may not pose a major problem since mobile networks would likely fill the gap and enable people to contact emergency services.

But those in rural areas such as the aforementioned Welsh hills could find themselves without any communications at all [Guardian].

There are advantages of digital switchovers. There are few that would argue that CDs sound better that scratchy records. Digital cameras have made photography more accessible and easier. The expensive days of using analogue film are long gone along with the annoying bits of dust on negatives when attempting to print an enlargement in the darkroom.

Perhaps LW is obsolete, given how few radio sets are out there. But the closing down of BBC Radio 4 on the 1500-metre wavelength will be a sad day for many.

tvnewswatch, London, UK

Makerfield by-election result not a dead cert

The media appear to have come out of hibernation following parliamentary recess and the Bank Holiday break.

With virtually nothing to report over the previous week apart from the exceedingly warm weather, June has begun with a swathe of headlines.

Polling day nears in the Makerfield by-election, with battle lines drawn. Restore Britain, Rupert Lowe's party, may take some of Farage's wind from his sails as traditional Reform voters drift towards Restore.

It’s been a week of rudeness, rows and revelations in the Makerfield byelection campaign. Not between Andy Burnham and his challengers for the seat – but between Reform UK and its even more rightwing rival, Restore Britain.

Restore has claimed increasing support for their candidate Rebecca Shepherd with polls varying between 7% and 24%. The higher figures may be somewhat optimistic but the swing away from Reform has appeared to rattle Farage who insisted only his candidate, Robert Kenyon, “can stop Andy Burnham." 

"This is a two-horse race – nobody else comes close,” Farage insists.


But it's far from a two horse race. The Makerfield by-election has become a circus with 14 candidates standing.

There are of course the traditional parties, the Conservatives represented by Michael Winstanley, Labour with Andy Burnham contesting the seat, in the hope of later challenging Keir Starmer and oust him from No.10, and the Lib Dems with their candidate Jake Austin. But there are the emerging parties which will certainly shape the political battle grounds.

The parties that will tip the balance in this election are Reform UK, with its  contentious candidate Robert Kenyon, Restore Britain, with its candidate Rebecca Shepherd, and the Green Party with its last minute replacement Sarah Wakefield.

But there are the fringe candidates that may also shape this key political battle.

Often dismissed as a wasted vote, the likes of Count Binface, Alan 'Howlin' Laud Hope of The Official Monster Raving Loony Party, and other single issue candidates could take away votes from the two main contenders, Burnham and Kenyon.

Remember that the by-election for the constituency of Runcorn and Helsby on 1st May 2025 was secured by Reform UK with just 6 votes. Collectively the minor candidates took over 1000 votes.


With many of these leaning to the left or fringe lunacy with the Monster Raving Loony Party taking 128 votes, Reform UK would be unlikely to gain from any of these. Indeed it's likely Labour lost votes to these fringe parties. Labour took 12,639 in Runcorn against Reform UK's 12,645.

While Labour, and particularly the incumbent prime minister Keir Starmer, may be fighting an existential crisis and upon which this by-election hinges, so too is Reform UK.

Farage and his party Reform UK feel as though they are on a roll. Certainly their support has grown. But their base has shifted as their policies and organisational structure has changed.

Traditional more right-leaning supporters have been dismayed as Reform UK has drawn in more ethnic minority candidates. The party's apparent softening of its immigration and repatriation policies has also angered the base who are abandoning the party for Restore Britain which are currently 3% in the polls.

Restore Britain is hardly likely to gain any seats with such low polling. Even with proportional representation, they might barely scrape a single candidate into parliament. But such splits could cost Reform UK many votes, and with many constituencies on a knife-edge, this may be as much an existential crisis for Reform UK.

In the 2024 general election Reform UK revelled in securing five seats in parliament. The impetus was Farage's last minute decision to push out Clacton's candidate and put himself forward. This brought media attention and publicity, and helped bolster the party's position. Farage took the seat from long standing Conservative candidate Giles Watling. With 21,225  votes he now had an 8,405 majority.

Richard Tice's majority was significantly smaller however. In his Boston and Skegness seat Tice has only a 2,010 majority. Lee Anderson, who defected from the Conservatives, maintains a larger 5,508 majority over his Labour rival.

James McMurdock and Rupert Lowe, with 98 and 1,426 majorities respectively, left Reform UK following their wins. Lowe was the first to go after being suspended and started his own party; Restore Britain. McMurdock courted controversy following his election concerning a conviction of assault on his ex-girlfriend dating back to 2006. McMurdock left the party in July 2025 following allegations that he had received £70,000 in Bounce Back business loans during the COVID-19 pandemic and currently stands as an independent MP.

Down to just three elected MPs, Reform UK increased its numbers through a number of Tory defections: Danny Kruger, Robert Jenrick, Andrew Rosindell and Suella Braverman. Its only electoral win since 2024 was the aforementioned Runcorn by-election which was secured by Sarah Pochin.

The Conservatives may have been kicked into the long grass, politically speaking, but Farage and his party are not gaining significant support. If anything much of the Conservative base has swung towards the Lib Dems who are the third biggest party in the Commons with 72 MPs.

Farage's comments following the murder of a white man in Southampton who was mistakenly arrested and handcuffed by police as he lay dying from 9 stab wounds will no doubt come back and haunt him.

Following the release of police body-worn camera footage and the conviction of a Sikh man who had falsely claimed he was the victim of racist abuse, despite being the murderer, Farage said, “I suggest the rest of us respond to this with pure cold rage."

Within hours hundreds of right-wing protesters battled with police in Southampton, throwing bins, bottles and other projectiles in residential streets as they attempted to make their way to the family home of the convicted murderer with some in the crowd shouting “Rupert Lowe”. Despite Hampshire Police saying 11 officers and a police dog were injured during the violent disturbances in Southampton only two arrests were made. [BBC / Daily Mail / Sun]

The following day at PMQs, and as the residents of Southampton were clearing up and repairing the damage caused by the rioters, Farage attempted to further capitalise on events asking whether Nowak’s death was a clear indication of two tier policing.

He was given short shrift by the PM who accused Farage of having no respect for Nowak’s family given they had specifically asked that their son’s murder not be politicised.

During the Reform UK Party leader’s question he was continually heckled from across the house with calls of “shame on you” and suggestions that he condemn the violence seen the previous day.

Instead, Farage went on to suggest there might be further violence to come, whilst battling against boos and heckles.

Amongst those seen to berate the right-wing leader were three Lib Dem MPs. Cameron Thomas, Danny Chambers and Luke Taylor were sitting directly behind the Reform UK leader, heckling and shouting "Condemn the violence!" and "Shame on you!"

They had clearly learnt the ropes of parliamentary protocol and secured their places ahead of Farage’s anticipated question to the PM.

Reform UK is on a "small parties rota" of leaders of the minor parties, and, with eight MPs, qualifies for a question to the PM every seven or eight weeks. Farage had not been in parliament for some time,  but was widely expected to attend this particular session.

Things did not go as swimmingly as he might have expected. He provoked a furious, if pre-prepared, response to his question from the PM and was condemned by MPs across the house both during and after the session.

While he and other Reform MPs sat with smug expressions upon their faces as they were criticised, their arrogance may turn some voters away from the party.

Of course it’s not a certainty that Andy Burnham will sail into a seat with ease. But the conceited attitudes of Reform UK may better his chances.

tvnewswatch, London, UK  

Bank holiday heatwave mayhem

Fights, stabbings and murder mar hot sunny weather on Britain's beaches.

Police across the UK were deployed this week to deal with disorder on many beaches as temperatures soared into the thirties.

In Bournemouth hundreds of youths, many of them black, marauded and chased individuals, some of which had to be rescued by police, who themselves were heavily outnumbered.

Footage posted on social media showed swathes of black men chasing people across the beach as innocent sun seekers scattered.

In Brighton a man was stabbed near to the beach, and police in Essex were deployed in huge numbers to disperse people believed to be heading to the area for a so-called Southend Purge.

Posts on TikTok and other social media platforms had encouraged people to head to beaches to party and bring drink and drugs, whilst other posts appeared to urge a day of violence by encouraging people to bring weapons.

In Southend a dispersal order was put in place and police were deployed at stations as well as along the coast after a beach party was advertised on social media as both the "Southend Takedown" and the "32C Southend Beach Step". [BBC / Twitter/X ]

A number of arrests were made throughout the day for offences including possession of drugs and bladed weapons. Police said they had seized three knives and made 13 arrests by the end of Tuesday.

In Wales a murder investigation was launched after a man was spotted in the water at a beach. Emergency services were called to the scene in Barmouth on Monday shortly after 15:00 BST, but despite efforts to save the 34-year-old he was later pronounced dead. A 24-year-old man from Birmingham was arrested on suspicion of murder and is in custody. [BBC]

Meanwhile a teenage boy was stabbed on Brighton seafront next to a crowded beach on bank holiday Monday, police said. Sussex Police said it received reports of a large group of people fighting in the area of Shelter Hall food court, on Kings Road Arches, at about 21:30 BST. The victim, a boy from Surrey, was taken to hospital for treatment, where his injuries were confirmed to be superficial. [BBC]

Further along the coast police officers were assaulted at Bournemouth beach during "disorder involving a large number of people", Dorset Police said. One local who saw the drama unfold told the Sun it was "absolute chaos." He described how a mob chased a man across the beach until he fell. “They were kicking him in the head and punching him multiple times. Someone stomped on his head and another person drop-kicked him.”

Police eventually moved in to rescue the man from the crowd. Despite large numbers of officers drafted into the area, violence continued into the evening with a number of police officers attacked with glass bottles and other missiles, though injuries were said to be minor. [The Sun / Daily Mail]

Many of the violent incidents appeared to involve large numbers of black youths prompting some racially critical social media posts to emerge. Some blamed the descendants of the Windrush generation and parents failing to instill discipline on their feral children. Other posts were critical of the London Mayor, blaming inner city decay for creating a breeding ground for large numbers of violent mainly black teenagers who had headed from the capital to Britain's coasts during the heatwave.

Whether predominantly black or otherwise there were several other factors that fanned the flames for the violence that ensued over the Bank holiday period.

Social media clearly played a part in attracting such large numbers to key locations, with many posts encouraging people to bring drugs and weapons.

Be it TikTok, Twitter/X or other online platforms, it is clear that there is little, if any, scrutiny or blocking of posts attempting to organise violent gatherings.

This is just the latest of a social media organised flash mob. Two months ago schools across parts of Britain especially in and around London were under alert after social media posts attempted to rally pupils of one school to attack rival schools. There was some suggestion that such posts were created by AI Russian bots to create problems on Britain's streets. But whoever creates such posts, the end result is the same.

Easily persuaded individuals take the bait and like sheep get drawn into the mêlée.

The disaffected youth, especially in deprived areas of urban areas across Britain, are a prime target for such online mischief. Often undereducated they are easily motivated and persuaded to join in without thinking through the consequences.

Another factor was the large amount of alcohol consumed, as well as drugs, during very hot weather.

Beach brawls are perhaps nothing new. The sixties saw mobs of Mods and Rockers converging on the likes of Brighton for clashes during Bank Holidays. But, the phenomena seen this last week has raised concerns that something else is happening in society which is more dangerous and sinister.

While the disorder and chaos seen in various coastal locations was significant, it could have been much worse. Pro-active policing managed to control some of the mayhem. But much more needs to be done. 

The purchase and consumption of alcohol clearly needs to be controlled where large crowds are expected to gather on very hot days. Social media companies are clearly unable to police themselves and need to be controlled with tighter laws and heavier sanctions. And possession of weapons such as swords and machettes need to be dealt with with stronger custodial sentences. Other anti-social practices also need to be policed also. Bringing loudspeaker systems to the beach might seem fun, but they can often create friction when one group of people take offence at the loud music being played. Far better, perhaps, to ban loudspeakers from the beach altogether. 

[pictures via social media and Essex police]

tvnewswatch, London, UK

Is Iran an existential threat?

While the US President Donald Trump's reasons and legality for striking Iran are tenuous there are some clear and present dangers that many people are ignoring.

It can reasonably be argued that Trump launched his military action in contravention of 'international law'. He did not seek prior approval from Congress or the Senate, nor did he consult other allies, except Israel with who it took part.

His reason however, is that Iran was nearing completion of building a nuclear bomb, and decisive military action was needed to eliminate the threat from the Islamic state.

Trump, nor indeed Israel, has failed to present 'proof' that Iran was close to developing a nuclear bomb. And this has left many allies reluctant to offer military support despite the effects on the flow of oil from the region that has resulted from Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz.

However, what cannot be disputed is that Iran has, for a long time, been developing projects which has produced significant quantities of 60% enriched Uranium 235.

The evidence for this lies with the International Atomic Energy Authority [IAEA] which calculated in its September 2025 verification and monitoring report that on the eve of the June 2025 attacks by Israel and the United States, Iran possessed 440.9 kg of uranium enriched up to 60% of the explosive uranium isotope, U-235 [Arms Control Center /  IAEA PDF]

Fearing that Iran was weeks if not days away from 90% weapons grade enrichment, the US launched a series of strikes aimed at sites where it was believed Iran was storing or enriching such materials.

On the 22nd June 2025, the United States Air Force and Navy attacked three nuclear facilities in Iran as part of the Twelve-Day War, under the code name Operation Midnight Hammer. The Fordow Uranium Enrichment Plant, the Natanz Nuclear Facility, and the Isfahan Nuclear Technology Center were all targeted with fourteen GBU-57A/B MOP "bunker buster" bombs carried by B-2 Spirit stealth bombers, and Tomahawk missiles fired from a submarine. 

Concerns grew over the weeks following the attacks that Iran may have moved some of their precious Uranium. Satellite pictures published later appeared to show lorries queueing at Fordow leading to speculation that Iran's enriched Uranium may have been moved to various secret locations around the country.

While the White House stated in June 2025 that there was no sign it was moved prior to the strikes with top officials suggesting it was buried under rubble, many news outlets raised concerns that Iran might have saved its nuclear material.

The Telegraph [Paywalled] reported in June 2025 that satellite images showed lines of trucks at Fordow before the US strikes, with analysts suggesting materials were frantically moved.

Other reports suggested the surgical strikes failed to completely destroy Iran's stockpiles and core components of the country's nuclear program and likely only set it back by months [CNN].

And even if the facilities had been destroyed there were suggestions that Iran could retrieve the material buried under the rubble [BBC / NYT].   

Such reports are supposition and cannot be independently verified. But even a small amount of nuclear material could pose a deadly threat to Iran's sworn enemies.

The big question on many people's minds is whether the US had actionable intelligence to warrant its military action against Iran.

The concern too is whether Iran was or still is pursuing the development of a nuclear weapon. Iran claims it isn't and that all nuclear research is for peaceful purposes, such as medical research or energy creation.

However, given the continued rhetoric over the years and statements suggesting it might develop a weapon should it be attacked, the fear is that Iran was already developing a weapon, or worse already developed and produced one.

Taking it as fact that Iran was seeking to develop a nuclear bomb, and that it still has at least some of the 440kg of 60% enriched U-235, how much of a threat is Iran following Operation Midnight Hammer and the more recent ad ongoing Operation Epic Fury?

It is widely believed that to build a viable nuclear bomb, one needs U-235 enriched to 90%. While many bombs created use highly enriched U-235, often referred to as 'weapons grade uranium', it is in fact possible to build a bomb with U-235 as low as 20% enriched.

Take at least 780 kilograms of 20% enriched uranium 235, slam two non-critical mass chunks of them together in a gun type assembly and you have a crude nuclear bomb.

The more enriched, the less fissionable material is needed. Moreover, after you've surpassed the hurdle of amassing the U-235 the making of a viable device is relatively simple.

While most modern nuclear bombs are extremely complex in order to promote a high yield device, the first nuclear bombs were relatively simple 'Gun-type' weapons.

In basic terms this requires sending a chunk of U-235 at high speed down a tube toward another chunk of U-235.

With regard to the risk of proliferation and use by terrorists, the relatively simple design is a concern, as it does not require as much fine engineering or manufacturing as other methods. With enough highly enriched uranium, nations or groups with relatively low levels of technological sophistication could create an inefficient - though still quite powerful - gun-type nuclear weapon. 

Conventional thinking is that no-one would make a weapon with anything below 90% enrichment because the bomb would be too cumbersome.

Uranium must have a minimum of 20% U-235 in it in order to be useful in making a nuclear bomb. However, a bomb made with uranium at this minimum level of enrichment would be too huge to deliver, requiring huge amounts of uranium and even larger amounts of conventional explosives in order to compress it into a supercritical mass. In practice, uranium containing at least 90% U-235 has been used to make nuclear weapons. Material with this level of enrichment is called highly enriched uranium or HEU. The bomb that destroyed Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, was made with approximately 60 kilograms of HEU. Highly enriched uranium is also used in research reactors and naval reactors, such as those that power aircraft carriers and submarines. The HEU fuel meant for research reactors is considered particularly vulnerable to diversion for use in nuclear weapons [IEER PDF].  

As little as 40 kg of 60%-enriched uranium can be used to build a crude nuclear weapon with a kiloton yield. While too large to fit on a missile, such a weapon could be delivered by shipping container.

Given Iran has [or at least had in June 2025] an estimated 440 kg of 60% enriched U-235 it could conceivably make ten 1 kt bombs.

Loaded into shipping containers and exploding in major cities around the globe, the shock to the global economy and world order would be more catastrophic than the potential physical damage.

A 1-kiloton (kt) nuclear ground burst in London would cause severe localized damage, creating a crater and immediate lethal radiation zone within a few hundred meters, with moderate structural damage extending up to 1 kilometer. The immediate blast radius would be relatively small compared to the city's size, but radioactive fallout would pose a significant hazard [Arxiv]. 

Such scenarios are dismissed by many as being far-fetched and the stuff of Hollywood movies such as the Sum of All Fears. But fundamentalist, radical terror states have already been seen to carry out major atrocities.

Terror attacks by fundamentalist groups in the past three decades seen planes flown into buildings, trains and buses blown up or crowds targeted with vehicles used as weapons. The use of a nuclear weapon is not beyond the realms of possibilities.

But there are other just as nightmarish threats from Iran's possession of nuclear material. Even if it cannot assemble a nuclear bomb Iran possesses the technical expertise and access to many radioactive isotopes, such as Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 from medical/industrial sectors, to develop radiological dispersal devices. Some analysts suggest Iran might employ these through proxies such as Hezbollah or the Houthis for plausible deniability.

There are growing concerns that it could use what nuclear material it can salvage to construct a number of so-called 'dirty bombs', or radiological dispersal devices [Remm].

In the same way a small 1 kt nuclear bomb would not cause much physical damage, an RDD is designed less for mass destruction and more for contamination, disruption, and psychological impact.

Such concerns have long existed with many nations having conducted exercises to determine how they might identify or deal with such an event.

In London, around 20 years ago, part of the financial district was sealed off as authorities conducted several counter-terrorism exercises in the city to prepare for potential chemical, biological, or radiological attacks, including scenarios involving a "dirty bomb" or RDD [Guardian]. No similar exercises have taken place since.

An RDD attack is unlikely to kill large numbers of people in a short time. The problem instead is a potential cancer timebomb hanging over the affected area for a generation [BBC].

Clean-up would cost millions of pounds, but the perceived threat could linger even after authorities declare the area safe. Should such a device be placed in the centre of a major city it could arguably kill the economy of that city. Tourists would be unlikely to visit for years, workers would insist on relocation, and transport infrastructure would be decimated, cutting off links between parts of the city.

Delivery of such a weapon could be carried out in any number of ways. One threat is via missile. It is now widely believed that Iran has the capability of hitting any European country.

It is unknown what stockpiles Iran still possesses after three weeks of US bombing, but its inventory prior to Operation Epic Fury was far more extensive than most people realize [Iran Watch]. Media reports indicate growing concerns that Iran could resort to using a 'dirty bomb' [India Today / e-arc].

Iran's capability may of course be severely degraded, as the US president maintains. But there is another concern should Israel or the US hit the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, either deliberately or accidentally. Indeed there have already been some strikes close to the plant [Al Jazeera].

Any strike, deliberate or accidental, would result in the release of radioactive material. Given the prevailing wind patterns and maritime conditions in the Gulf, contamination would almost certainly drift westward, potentially affecting population centres and critical infrastructure across Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait.

As seen following Chernobyl and more recently, Fukushima, the regional consequences of a nuclear 'accident' would be significant and long-lasting.

There is another serious and overlooked threat. That is Iran's chemical weapons capability [Telegraph paywalled].

Although Iran is a signatory to the Chemical Weapons Convention [CWC] and has formally renounced the development and possession of chemical weapons, it has faced international scrutiny regarding potential covert chemical capabilities [FDD].

There are many - critical of the US and Israel - that have suggested military action is only likely to antagonise Iran into retaliation and that it would be unlikely to make a first strike deployment, be it with conventional, chemical or nuclear weapons.

The behaviour of Iran over the years would suggest otherwise.

It has since the 1979 Islamic revolution funded proxy terror group including, but not confined to, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, and the Houthis in Yemen.

Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran has engaged in a sustained campaign of violence, terrorism, and clandestine operations against Western nations, primarily targeting the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, alongside Israeli interests. Using the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [IRGC] and proxies such as Lebanon's Hezbollah, Tehran has conducted embassy bombings, kidnappings, hijackings, and assassination plots.

Key Attacks and Operations (1979–Present)

1979–1981: U.S. Embassy Hostage Crisis: Iranian students, backed by the new regime, took 66 Americans hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran for 444 days.

1983: Beirut Bombings: Hezbollah, with Iranian support, bombed the U.S. Embassy in Beirut (63 dead) and the Marine barracks (241 U.S. service personnel killed).

1984: CIA Station Chief Kidnapping: Hezbollah kidnapped CIA Station Chief William Buckley in Beirut, who was later tortured and killed.

1985: TWA Flight 847 Hijacking: Hezbollah hijacked a flight from Athens to Rome, murdering a U.S. Navy diver on board.

1985–1986: Paris Attacks: Hezbollah agents carried out a series of bombings in Paris, killing 20 people and wounding hundreds.

1996: Khobar Towers Bombing: Iran-backed Hezbollah Al-Hijaz bombed a U.S. Air Force housing complex in Saudi Arabia, killing 19 U.S. airmen.

2003–2011: Iraq War Proxies: Iran provided explosives (EFPs) and training to Shia militias in Iraq, which killed hundreds of U.S. and coalition troops.

2011: Washington D.C. Assassination Plot: The US foiled an IRGC plot to assassinate the Saudi ambassador to the United States in Washington.

2012: Burgas Bus Bombing: Hezbollah bombed a bus of Israeli tourists in Bulgaria, killing 6 people.

2019: Saudi Aramco Strikes: Attacks on Saudi oil facilities, widely attributed to Iran, caused major disruptions to global energy supplies.

2020: U.S. Base Attacks: Following the assassination of Qasem Soleimani, Iran launched ballistic missiles at U.S. bases in Iraq, causing brain injuries to over 100 U.S. personnel.

2024-2026: Ongoing Threats: Iran has escalated its use of criminal proxies to target Israeli and American interests in Europe and the UK. In early 2026, amid intense regional conflict, Iran was linked to over 20 potentially lethal attacks on UK soil [FDD / Wikipedia].

While there is some legitimacy to take the decision to wage against the rogue state, reasons and focuses keep changing. At first Trump appeared to point to regime change, but soon focused on the nuclear threat that Iran posed. As the war continued into its third week and Iran essentially closed the Strait of Hormuz, the war threatened the flow of oil. As this threatens to trigger an global energy crisis, a slump in food production as fertilisers become unavailable and the risk of a global recession grows, Trump appears to have little if any plan as to how to proceed.

He claims to have forced Iran to the negotiating table but described Iran's negotiators as strange. Meanwhile, Iran have insisted they are not negotiating with the US. And in the meantime missiles continue to rain down across the region with no apparent end in sight, and with a growing risk the whole region could go up in flames. Worse still, the war could spread to other parts of the world with lone wolf terror attacks and growing economic fallout.


tvnewswatch, London,UK

Iran's top nuclear negotiator & de facto leader killed

Talks between Iran's top nuclear negotiator and key European foreign ministers ended Friday 3rd March 2006 without a breakthrough on Tehran's nuclear ambitions, the German Foreign Ministry office said. A British official in Vienna told CNN that Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani, offered nothing new during the session, and that the European delegation reminded him that Tehran must stop uranium enrichment on its soil and come clean about its program.

Almost exactly twenty years later Ali Larijani was targeted by Israeli military strikes in an ongoing military operation that sought once and for all to stop Iran's nuclear ambitions and subjugate the tyrannical regime.

Ali Larijani was a longtime Iranian political insider who had an important role following the killing of Supreme Leader Khamenei on the 28th February 2026.

Taking up the role as secretary of Iran's National Security Council in 2005, Larijani's role was to draw up nuclear and other policies by Khamenei. He left the post in 2007.

In March 2025, US president Donald Trump sent a letter to Iran seeking to reopen nuclear weapons negotiations. The response from the supreme leader was stark. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei later said, "Some bullying governments insist on negotiations not to resolve issues but to impose their own expectations," which was seen as in response to the letter. Soon after in late March 2025, Larijani said Iran would have no choice but to develop nuclear weapons if attacked by the United States, Israel or its allies.

On the 5th August 2025, Larijani was appointed by President Masoud Pezeshkian to become secretary of the Supreme National Security Council for a second time. Since January 2026 Larijani was the de facto leader of Iran and remained so as the supreme leader, the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, was targeted and his son and successor Mojtaba Khamenei was believed seriously injured.

However, on the 17th March Larijani's career came to an abrupt end after he was targeted by an Israeli strike. It remains to be seen whether Iran's nuclear ambitions ended with the death of one of the country's key protagonists.

Larajani's demise cannot be underestimated. He has been front and centre of the Iranian power base for at least 20 years. He has obfuscated and impeded all efforts by the West to temper Iran's nuclear ambitions.

And it's those ambitions that are behind the reasoning of the allied US/Israeli military operation.

There are indeed many that have seriously questioned the US initiated attack on the regime, asking where the evidence concerning Iran's nuclear ambitions.

While no hard evidence has been presented to the world, all the signs indicate that Iran was pursuing to enrich weapons grade Uranium and build a bomb. Should it have succeeded, the West, and Israel in particular would face an existential threat.

Iran has made clear with its continued rhetoric that it sought the demise of the Israeli state and the US with chants of "Death to America" and anti-Zionist slogans.

Those that have called for the US and Israel to take a step back have been likened to Neville Chamberlain, who historically failed to see the threat that Hitler and Nazi Germany posed.

How long was the West, Israeli, or indeed their allies supposed to wait? Until Iran declared it had a bomb? Or until an orange glow and a mushroom cloud rose over Tel Aviv or a Western European capital?

What many appear to have failed to appreciate is that the Iranian leadership have, over the past forty years, funded an asymmetrical war on the West and its assets by arming Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen.

The destruction and dismantling of the Iranian regime was going to happen sooner or later. But perhaps better sooner, than after their perceived ambitions were realised.

Of course, there is a slim chance as some believe, that it may already be too late and that Iran had already built a viable atomic device. If true there may well be an imminent threat levelled against the West. This could be behind the reluctance of many European countries wanting to become involved in Trump's war, not least because of a concern that such action could light a fuse of home grown Islamic terrorist attacks.

This is a real and probable threat. However, ignoring Iran and hoping the problem would quietly go away was only ever going to delay the inevitable.

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Starmer premiership becoming untenable

Upon his appointment as US ambassador in 2024 the UK PM Keir Starmer hailed Lord Mandelson for bringing "unrivalled experience" to the role.

His then Foreign Secretary David Lammy said Mandelson had "a wealth of experience in trade, economic and foreign policy from his years in government and the private sector".

Meanwhile the peer said he was deeply honoured, promising to "advance our historic alliance with the United States".

An unnamed Labour MP meanwhile said, "Mandelson is very good at making relationships, [he] has unmatched negotiation skills as shown in his EU trade commissioner role and has a trade union background which is overlooked. Trump is transactional, and Mandelson will be able to cope with this."

Another suggested he would look like an angel! "In a room with Trump, Mandelson will look like an angel. But this is politics, hard politics." [Guardian]

Dubbed the "Prince of Darkness" during his years as New Labour's spin doctor, following the release of the Epstein files he was more like the kiss of death to the party, the government and the PM himself who had appointed him to the post. Not so much an angel as a devil in disguise.

Even before the Epstein files were released, raising issues concerning Mandelson's integrity, he had been a divisive figure in British politics over many years.

He resigned twice as a minister - once for failing to declare a home loan from a cabinet colleague, and a second time over accusations of using his position to influence a passport application. This should have perhaps raised alarm bells long before his appointment as US ambassador [BBC].

His appointment was specifically arranged by No.10 rather than following usual diplomatic procedures. This in itself was unusual. In fact Lord Mandelson's appointment was the first political rather than diplomatic appointment to Washington since Peter Jay, the former prime minister James Callaghan's son-in-law, in 1977.

Jay's appointment was far from controversial however, and he had a notable career both within politics and journalism.

At various times, Jay was also economics editor of the Times newspaper, presenter of ITV's Weekend World, British Ambassador to Washington, launch chairman of TV-am.

He was, by coincidence, the chief of staff to Robert Maxwell, father of Ghislaine Maxwell, Epstein's former girlfriend, socialite and, who alongside Epstein, was found guilty of child sex trafficking and other offences.

Robert Maxwell, a press mogul, fell to his death from his £15m yacht, the Lady Ghislaine, off the Canary Islands, aged 68. Even now there is talk of suicide, or murder – perhaps by Mossad, the Israeli intelligence service, according to some theories.

Whether or not his death was an accident, controversy followed Maxwell's death. As his body was recovered revelations emerged of the squandering of pension funds.

For Oxford-educated Ghislaine, the youngest of his nine children, Maxwell's money had provided status and a ticket to the elite. She was dispatched to New York initially as a meeter-and-greeter, to pave her father's way when he bought the Daily News. After his death, she made it her home. She soon became part of Epstein's inner circle and remained there for more than a decade. The two were reportedly briefly an item and they remained close.

She is said to have facilitated Epstein's social contacts, flying with him on his private jet and organising dinners for influential people at his homes. One acquaintance described her as "half ex-girlfriend, half employee, half best friend and fixer". Epstein described her, in a 2003 Vanity Fair profile, as his "best friend" [Guardian].

Whilst Robert Maxwell was alive and hosting events, many attendees spoke of their being uncomfortable in his presence.

Among them was the Labour party's then director of communications, Peter Mandelson. "It was very strange because you'd simultaneously want to be at Maxwell's parties and at the same time shrink away from him," he remembers. "Because he was such a bully and so unpredictable. To be honest, I was frightened of his company. He had that ability to make you feel completely small and inadequate, and that just scrambled my head."

It is clear that he was far more comfortable in the company of Robert Maxwell's daughter's new associate, Jeffrey Epstein, as well as Ghislaine herself [Guardian].

But what did Keir Starmer know of Mandelson's relationship with Epstein at the time he was appointed ambassador?

In early 2024 the FT journalist Jim Pickard posed a question to Keir Starmer referencing a J.P.Morgan probe which suggested that in June 2009, when he was the UK business secretary, Mandelson stayed at Epstein's lavish townhouse in Manhattan, while the financier was in prison for soliciting prostitution from a minor [Daily Telegraph paywalled / Archived]

Keir's response to Pickard was, "I don't know any more than you and there's not really much I can add to what is already out there I'm afraid" [Twitter X].

This was, of course before Starmer became PM, since he had yet to win the, as yet unannounced, 2024 election. But as leader of the Labour party the conversation should have surely registered in his mind before appointing Mandelson to his new post less than 12 months later.

Starmer's claim that he knew little about Mandelson's close relationship with Epstein is somewhat incredulous given historical articles that detailed not only the peer's friendship with the convicted paedophile but also that Starmer had likely been made aware of the reports.

Surely he can't have failed to have noticed photos published in The Sun in 2022 depicting Peter Mandelson in 2007 grinning as Jeffrey Epstein blew out the candles on a birthday cake soon after Epstein had been charged in an underage sex probe.

Blame might also be attributed to Starmer's advisers. Surely the likes of his Cabinet Secretary Chris Wormald or his predecessor Simon Case should have alerted the Prime Minister to the likely pitfalls of placing Mandelson in the role of US Ambassador.

Or what of Morgan McSweeney who replaced Sue Gray as his Chief of Staff soon after Starmer took office. Indeed there are already accusations coming from the opposition benches as to what advice McSweeney might have offered concerning Mandelson.

Mandelson's historical reputation as a spin doctor might have been enough for some. But times have moved on from the days of Bush and Blair.

There will be many who will have forgotten the days when Blair was accused of being Bush's poodle. But such times have passed, and with Trump in the White House Mandelson was clearly not the right man for the job. One needed a rottweiler, much less a poodle, as Britain's representative in the White House, and certainly not the weasel that Mandelson turned out to be.

It can be argued that Starmer is as much to blame as his advisers and Mandelson himself.

He and many within the high ranks of government have proved themselves to be untrustworthy, sly, and possibly cowardly, manipulative and of evading all or any responsibility, whilst attempting to shift the conversation concerning their inept decisions to that of thoughts for Epstein's victims, as if one had forgotten.

Starmer failed to remain in the House of Commons as the opposition and many amongst Labour's own ranks berated the government concerning Mandelson's appointment.

The Chief Secretary to the Prime Minister Darren Jones was left to answer on Starmer's behalf as one MP after another demanded answers.

Alex Burghart, the Conservative MP for Brentwood and Ongar, called for answers as to who knew what and when concerning Mandelson and said "something has gone very wrong" concerning his appointment

Labour MP Emily Thornberry asked whether police might not be involved concerning Mandelson's actions, behaviour and accepting of monies from a convicted paedophile.

The Conservative MP for Christchurch Christopher Chope raised the question - given Mandelson's involvement, a well known homosexual - concerning Epstein's possible involvement in trafficking boys and young men, as well as girls and young women. Jones refuses to speculate but expressed the hope that it wasn't the case. Further, that was for Mandelson to answer.

Many also called for the peer to not only be stripped of his peerage but also face criminal proceeding after it emerged that Mandelson had "leaked a sensitive UK government document to Jeffrey Epstein while he was business secretary that proposed £20bn of asset sales and revealed Labour's tax policy plans" according to the Financial Times.

Starmer's calls for an inquiry, and moves to strip Mandelson of his peerage, might be too little too late.

The knives were already out before this latest fiasco, even within Labour ranks. This could be the final chapter in this latest political saga.


Beware the Ides of March.


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Zelenskyy under pressure over corruption scandal

The Ukraine President is facing a crisis on three fronts as he battles against a corruption scandal at home, a proposed iniquitous 'peace deal' drawn up between Russia and the US and continuing bombardment from Russian strikes.

On Wednesday 19th November reports emerged that US and Russian officials had drawn up what was described as a 'peace proposal'. However it has been criticised for being one of capitulation for Kyiv who would be forced to cede territory and reduce its armed forces should it accept the 'deal' [Axios / Guardian]. 

The plan contained terms that closely mirrored Moscow's longstanding demands, a senior Ukrainian official briefed on the proposal told AFP on Wednesday [Moscow Times]. 

Zelenskyy, who has been visiting Turkey on a new peace drive in recent days, is expected to meet US Army officials on Thursday ahead of the G20 in Johannesburg, South Africa on Saturday [Reuters]. 

The Trump administration will be hoping that Kyiv will accept the iniquitous deal seen by critics as one of appeasement rather than a peace deal. They may also be hedging their bets given growing problems  within Zelenskyy's own administration.

In recent months the Ukrainian president has faced a backlash over reports of corruption. The country has had a long history of corruption. But the recent reports could tear apart the cohesiveness of his administration which has otherwise been a core of strength in a four year long war.

The headlines make salacious reading with talk of 'golden toilets' and 'bags of cash' being smuggled out of the country. It is a scandal that could see the Ukrainian government being brought down as major figures stand accused of corruption and embezzlement.

According to the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine [NABU] some £76m has been skimmed from Ukraine's energy sector by business leaders and officials. This has led to calls for Zelenskyy to fire his long-standing chief of staff Andrii Yermak [pictured above, left].

A former film producer, Yermak has served as the Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine since the 11th February 2020. But while he has not been accused of profiting from embezzlement, he has been accused of stifling anti-corruption investigations.

NABU says it has uncovered a high-level criminal scheme at the heart of the government involving Ukraine's nuclear energy body, Energoatom, which runs three nuclear power plants supplying Ukraine with more than half of its electricity. The investigation alleges that insiders received kickbacks of 10-15% from Energoatom's commercial partners.

The issue is particularly sensitive as ordinary Ukrainians have to endure daily power cuts as a result of Russian attacks on the country's infrastructure.

The accused mastermind behind the scheme, Timur Mindich, a close personal associate and business partner of  Zelenskyy, has reportedly fled the country, just hours before NABU investigators arrived at his home where they found a bathroom fitted with a gold toilet.

Images of such excess will be difficult for Zelenskyy to explain. His enemies, both at home and abroad, will make political capital from the revelations. Political opponents at home will no doubt pressure Zelenskyy to sack key individuals from his administration, while seeking to secure stronger positions in the way Ukraine is run [Telegraph - paywalled]. 

Beyond its borders, Ukraine's enemies will seek to capitalise on the revelations. Russia will no doubt pressure the American administration to take advantage of a politically weakened Ukraine. The Trump administration may too see the advantage of exploiting the situation. A signed 'peace deal' - even one of attrition - would be welcomed by Trump as an achievement; another in a long line of conflicts and wars he has claimed to have ended.

The scandal will be an embarrassment to Ukraine's closest allies. While there has been no official or public comment from European leaders, many may well feel cheated by the revelations.

Conspiracy theories have long portrayed Zelenskyy as being corrupt and there have been accusations he has personally benefited from money given to the country to buy weapons.

One debunked theory is that the Ukrainian president bought luxury yachts with American aid money. The Russian disinformation plot was successful however. The false reports took off online and were echoed by members of the US Congress who were making crucial decisions about military spending [BBC].

But while those specific reports have been put to bed, the latest scandal - with headlines about gold toilets and bags of cash - do nothing to silence the critics and further bolster those who perpetuate conspiracy theories.

This latest scandal could be a turning point. It could all go south and see the country collapse and Russia ceding vast swathes of territory as the political turmoil ensues.

But it could see Zelenskyy grasping the nettle and turning the situation around.

The former president, Petro Poroshenko has called for the current cabinet to be sacked and for a government of national unity to be formed. This is unlikely to happen since Poroshenko was himself embroiled in a defence procurement scandal, which played a role in his 2019 defeat and which saw Zelenskyy winning on the back of a promise to clean up corruption.

Corruption is nothing new in Ukraine, and Zelenskyy has made inroads to clean up politics. This latest episode could be one that makes or breaks the wartime president.

Some observers believe the very fact the scandal even came to light is an indication that Zelenskyy has helped turn things around and that the country is slowly moving in the right direction. Oleksandr Abakumov, the head of NABU's investigating team, acknowledged his colleagues had "faced a lot of obstacles" pursuing an earlier case of corruption known as the Mindich case. "This isn't a story about corruption in Ukraine. It's about how the country is struggling with corruption, fighting with corruption." [Guardian]

Zelenkyy's biggest decision is whether he can step up to the plate and sack his right-hand man. Zelenskyy's chief of staff has amassed a level of power rarely seen in modern Ukraine. He is unelected and lacks popular support. This latest episode in Ukrainian politics could now be the final straw.

"We have to deal with him, he's Zelenskyy's man," a senior European official told the Kyiv Independent. "We don't have a choice."


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